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<div id="dev-warning" class="admonition note">
  <p class="first admonition-title">Notice</p>
  <p class="last">This document is for a development version of Ceph.</p>
</div>
  <div id="docubetter" align="right" style="padding: 5px; font-weight: bold;">
    <a href="https://pad.ceph.com/p/Report_Documentation_Bugs">Report a Documentation Bug</a>
  </div>

  
  <div class="section" id="id1">
<h1>故障排除<a class="headerlink" href="#id1" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<div class="section" id="id2">
<h2>慢或卡住的操作<a class="headerlink" href="#id2" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>如果遇到了明显的卡顿操作，首先要定位问题源头：是客户端、
MDS 、抑或是连接二者的网络。从存在卡顿操作的地方下手（参考下面的 <a class="reference internal" href="#slow-requests"><span class="std std-ref">慢请求（ MDS 端）</span></a> ），进而缩小范围。</p>
<p>我们可以这样获取线索，把 MDS 缓存转储出来看看发生了什么：</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">ceph</span> <span class="n">daemon</span> <span class="n">mds</span><span class="o">.&lt;</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">dump</span> <span class="n">cache</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">tmp</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">dump</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">txt</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p><cite>dump.txt</cite> 这个文件在运行着 MDS 的机器上，而且，
对于 systemd 控制着的 MDS 服务，它是在 MDS 容器内的一个 tmpfs 上。
可以用 <cite>nsenter(1)</cite> 来定位 <cite>dump.txt</cite> ，或者指定另外一个系统级的路径。</p>
</div>
<p>如果 MDS 设置了较高的日志级别，那里差不多肯定有我们需要的诊断信息，
解决问题有望了。</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="rados">
<h2>RADOS 健康状况<a class="headerlink" href="#rados" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>如果 CephFS 的元数据或者数据存储池的某一部分不可用、且 CephFS 不响应，
很有可能是 RADOS 本身有问题，应该先解决这样的问题
（ <a class="reference internal" href="../../rados/troubleshooting/"><span class="doc">故障排除</span></a> ）。</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="mds">
<h2>MDS 问题<a class="headerlink" href="#mds" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>如果某个操作卡在了 MDS 内部，类似 “slow requests are blocked” 的消息最终会出现在 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ceph</span> <span class="pre">health</span></code> 里；也可能指出是客户端的问题，
如 “failing to respond” 或其它形式的异常行为。
如果 MDS 认定某些客户端的行为异常，你应该弄明白起因。常见起因有：</p>
<p>通常是这些起因：</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li><p>系统过载（如果你还有空闲内存，增大 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mds</span> <span class="pre">cache</span> <span class="pre">memory</span> <span class="pre">limit</span></code> 配置试试，
默认才 1GiB ；活跃文件比较多，超过 MDS 缓存容量是此问题的首要起因！）</p></li>
<li><p>客户端比较老（行为乖张）；</p></li>
<li><p>底层的 RADOS 问题。</p></li>
</ol>
<p>除此之外，你也许遇到了新的软件缺陷，应该报告给开发者！</p>
<div class="section" id="slow-requests">
<span id="id3"></span><h3>慢请求（ MDS 端）<a class="headerlink" href="#slow-requests" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>通过管理套接字，你可以罗列当前正在运行的操作：</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">ceph</span> <span class="n">daemon</span> <span class="n">mds</span><span class="o">.&lt;</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">dump_ops_in_flight</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>在 MDS 主机上执行。找出卡住的命令、并调查卡住的原因。
通常最后一个“事件”（ event ）尝试过收集锁、或者把这个操作发往 MDS 日志。
如果它是在等待 OSD ，修正即可；如果操作都卡在了某个索引节点上，
原因可能是一个客户端一直占着能力，别人就没法拿到，
也可能是这个客户端想刷回脏数据，还可能是你遇到了 CephFS 分布式文件锁的代码（文件能力子系统、 capabilities 、 caps ）缺陷。</p>
<p>如果起因是能力代码的缺陷，重启 MDS 也许能解决此问题。</p>
<p>如果 MDS 上没发现慢请求，而且也没报告客户端行为异常，
那问题就可能在客户端上、或者它的请求还没到 MDS 上。</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="ceph-fuse">
<span id="ceph-fuse-debugging"></span><h2>ceph-fuse 的调试<a class="headerlink" href="#ceph-fuse" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>ceph-fuse 也支持 dump_ops_in_flight 命令，可以查看是否卡住、卡在哪里了。</p>
<div class="section" id="id4">
<h3>调试输出<a class="headerlink" href="#id4" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>要想看到 ceph-fuse 的更多调试信息，试试在前台运行，让日志输出到控制台（ <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-d</span></code> ）、打开客户端调试（ <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--debug-client=20</span></code> ）、打印发送过的所有消息（ <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--debug-ms=1</span></code> ）。</p>
<p>如果你怀疑是监视器的问题，也可以打开监视器调试开关（ <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--debug-monc=20</span></code> ）。</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="kernel-mount-debugging">
<span id="id5"></span><h2>内核挂载的调试<a class="headerlink" href="#kernel-mount-debugging" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>如果内核客户端有问题，最重要的是找出问题起因是在内核客户端上、
还是在 MDS 上，通常都比较容易发现。如果内核客户端直接垮了，
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dmesg</span></code> 里会有输出信息，要收集好它们、还有任何不对劲的内核状态。</p>
<div class="section" id="id6">
<h3>慢请求<a class="headerlink" href="#id6" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>遗憾的是内核客户端不支持管理套接字，可是如果你的内核启用了
（如果限制过） debugfs ，那么它就有相似的接口了。
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys/kernel/debug/ceph/</span></code> 路径下有一个文件夹（其名字形如
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">28f7427e-5558-4ffd-ae1a-51ec3042759a.client25386880</span></code> ），
而且其内包含很多文件，用 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cat</span></code> 命令查看它们的内容时会看到有趣的输出。
这些文件描述如下，最有助于调试慢请求问题的文件可能是 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mdsc</span></code> 和 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">osdc</span></code> 。</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>bdi: 关于 Ceph 系统的 BDI 信息（脏块、已写入的等等）</p></li>
<li><p>caps: 文件的 caps 数据结构计数，包括内存中的和用过的</p></li>
<li><p>client_options: 倒出挂载 CephFS 时所用的选项</p></li>
<li><p>dentry_lru: 倒出当前内存中的 CephFS dentry</p></li>
<li><p>mdsc: 倒出当前发给 MDS 的请求</p></li>
<li><p>mdsmap: 倒出当前的 MDSMap 时间结和所有 MDS</p></li>
<li><p>mds_sessions: 倒出当前与 MDS 建立的会话</p></li>
<li><p>monc: 倒出当前从监视器获取的各种映射图，以及其它“订阅”信息</p></li>
<li><p>monmap: 倒出当前的监视器图和所有监视器</p></li>
<li><p>osdc: 倒出当前发往 OSD 的操作（即文件数据的 IO ）</p></li>
<li><p>osdmap: 倒出当前的 OSDMap 时间结、存储池、所有 OSD</p></li>
</ul>
<p>如果数据存储池处于 NEARFULL 状态，那么内核 cephfs 客户端将会切换到同步写，此时会非常慢。</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="id7">
<h2>断线后又重新挂载的文件系统<a class="headerlink" href="#id7" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>因为 CephFS 有个“一致性缓存”，如果你的网络连接中断时间较长，
客户端就会被系统强制断开，此时，内核客户端仍然傻站着（ in a bind ）：
它不能安全地写回脏数据，另外很多应用程序在 close() 时不能正确处理 IO 错误。
这个时候，内核客户端会重新挂载这个文件系统，
但是先前的文件系统 IO 也许能完成、也许不能，
这些情况下，你也许得重启客户端系统。</p>
<p>如果 dmesg 或者 kern.log 里出现了类似消息，说明你遇到的就是这种情况：</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">Jul</span> <span class="mi">20</span> <span class="mi">08</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">38</span> <span class="n">teuthology</span> <span class="n">kernel</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mf">3677601.123718</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">ceph</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">mds0</span> <span class="n">closed</span> <span class="n">our</span> <span class="n">session</span>
<span class="n">Jul</span> <span class="mi">20</span> <span class="mi">08</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">38</span> <span class="n">teuthology</span> <span class="n">kernel</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mf">3677601.128019</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">ceph</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">mds0</span> <span class="n">reconnect</span> <span class="n">start</span>
<span class="n">Jul</span> <span class="mi">20</span> <span class="mi">08</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">39</span> <span class="n">teuthology</span> <span class="n">kernel</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mf">3677602.093378</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">ceph</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">mds0</span> <span class="n">reconnect</span> <span class="n">denied</span>
<span class="n">Jul</span> <span class="mi">20</span> <span class="mi">08</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">39</span> <span class="n">teuthology</span> <span class="n">kernel</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mf">3677602.098525</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">ceph</span><span class="p">:</span>  <span class="n">dropping</span> <span class="n">dirty</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">flushing</span> <span class="n">Fw</span> <span class="n">state</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">ffff8802dc150518</span> <span class="mi">1099935956631</span>
<span class="n">Jul</span> <span class="mi">20</span> <span class="mi">08</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">39</span> <span class="n">teuthology</span> <span class="n">kernel</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mf">3677602.107145</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">ceph</span><span class="p">:</span>  <span class="n">dropping</span> <span class="n">dirty</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">flushing</span> <span class="n">Fw</span> <span class="n">state</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">ffff8801008e8518</span> <span class="mi">1099935946707</span>
<span class="n">Jul</span> <span class="mi">20</span> <span class="mi">08</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">39</span> <span class="n">teuthology</span> <span class="n">kernel</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mf">3677602.196747</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">libceph</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">mds0</span> <span class="mf">172.21.5.114</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">6812</span> <span class="n">socket</span> <span class="n">closed</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">con</span> <span class="n">state</span> <span class="n">OPEN</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">Jul</span> <span class="mi">20</span> <span class="mi">08</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">40</span> <span class="n">teuthology</span> <span class="n">kernel</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mf">3677603.126214</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">libceph</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">mds0</span> <span class="mf">172.21.5.114</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">6812</span> <span class="n">connection</span> <span class="n">reset</span>
<span class="n">Jul</span> <span class="mi">20</span> <span class="mi">08</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">40</span> <span class="n">teuthology</span> <span class="n">kernel</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mf">3677603.132176</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">libceph</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">reset</span> <span class="n">on</span> <span class="n">mds0</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>这是正在改善的领域，内核将很快能够可靠地向正在进行的 IO 发送错误代码，
即便你的应用程序不能良好地应对这些情况。长远来看，在不违背 POSIX 语义的情况下，
我们希望可以重连和回收数据（通常是其它客户端尚未访问、或修改的数据）。</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="id8">
<h2>挂载问题<a class="headerlink" href="#id8" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="id9">
<h3>挂载错误 5<a class="headerlink" href="#id9" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>mount 5 错误通常是 MDS 服务器滞后或崩溃导致的。
要确保至少有一个 MDS 是启动且运行的，集群也要处于 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">active+healthy</span></code> 状态。</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="id10">
<h3>挂载错误 12<a class="headerlink" href="#id10" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>mount 12 错误显示 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cannot</span> <span class="pre">allocate</span> <span class="pre">memory</span></code> ，常见于 <a class="reference internal" href="../../glossary/#term-35"><span class="xref std std-term">Ceph 客户端</span></a>和
<a class="reference internal" href="../../glossary/#term-7"><span class="xref std std-term">Ceph 存储集群</span></a>版本不匹配。用以下命令检查版本：</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">ceph</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">v</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>如果 Ceph 客户端版本落后于集群，试着升级它：</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">sudo</span> <span class="n">apt</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">get</span> <span class="n">update</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="n">sudo</span> <span class="n">apt</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">get</span> <span class="n">install</span> <span class="n">ceph</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">common</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>你也许得卸载、清理和删除 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ceph-common</span></code> ，然后再重新安装，以确保安装的是最新版。</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="id11">
<h2>动态调试<a class="headerlink" href="#id11" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>你可以对 CephFS 模块开启动态调试。</p>
<p>请看： <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/ceph/ceph/blob/master/src/script/kcon_all.sh">https://github.com/ceph/ceph/blob/master/src/script/kcon_all.sh</a></p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="id12">
<h2>报告问题<a class="headerlink" href="#id12" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>如果你确信发现了问题，报告时请附带尽可能多的信息，特别是重要信息：</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>客户端和服务器所安装的 Ceph 版本；</p></li>
<li><p>你在用内核、还是用户空间客户端；</p></li>
<li><p>如果你在用内核客户端，是什么版本？</p></li>
<li><p>有多少个客户端在用？什么样的负载？</p></li>
<li><p>如果某个系统“卡住”了，它影响所有客户端呢还是只影响一个？</p></li>
<li><p>关于 Ceph 的健康状况消息；</p></li>
<li><p>崩溃时写入日志的回调栈。</p></li>
</ul>
<p>如果你觉得自己发现了一个缺陷，请在<a class="reference external" href="http://tracker.ceph.com">缺陷追踪器</a>提交。一般问题的话可以发邮件到 <a class="reference external" href="http://lists.ceph.com/listinfo.cgi/ceph-users-ceph.com/">ceph-users 邮件列表</a>询问。</p>
</div>
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